windows窗口程序
老掉牙的东西了，先上几个代码
<![CDATA[
/*-------------------------------------------------
CHECKER1.C -- Mouse Hit-Test Demo Program No. 1
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
-------------------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
#define DIVISIONS 5
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("Checker1") ;
HWND hwnd ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("Program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Checker1 Mouse Hit-Test Demo"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static BOOL fState[DIVISIONS][DIVISIONS] ;
static int cxBlock, cyBlock ;
HDC hdc ;
int x, y ;
PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
RECT rect ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_SIZE :
cxBlock = LOWORD (lParam) / DIVISIONS ;
cyBlock = HIWORD (lParam) / DIVISIONS ;
return 0 ;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN :
x = LOWORD (lParam) / cxBlock ;
y = HIWORD (lParam) / cyBlock ;
if (x < DIVISIONS && y < DIVISIONS)
{
fState [x][y] ^= 1 ;
rect.left = x * cxBlock ;
rect.top = y * cyBlock ;
rect.right = (x + 1) * cxBlock ;
rect.bottom = (y + 1) * cyBlock ;
InvalidateRect (hwnd, &rect, FALSE) ;
}
else
MessageBeep (0) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_PAINT :
hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
for (x = 0 ; x < DIVISIONS ; x++)
for (y = 0 ; y < DIVISIONS ; y++)
{
Rectangle (hdc, x * cxBlock, y * cyBlock,
(x + 1) * cxBlock, (y + 1) * cyBlock) ;
if (fState [x][y])
{
MoveToEx (hdc, x * cxBlock, y * cyBlock, NULL) ;
LineTo (hdc, (x+1) * cxBlock, (y+1) * cyBlock) ;
MoveToEx (hdc, x * cxBlock, (y+1) * cyBlock, NULL) ;
LineTo (hdc, (x+1) * cxBlock, y * cyBlock) ;
}
}
EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_DESTROY :
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
]]>
<![CDATA[
/*-------------------------------------------------
CHECKER3.C -- Mouse Hit-Test Demo Program No. 3
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
-------------------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
#define DIVISIONS 5
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
LRESULT CALLBACK ChildWndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
TCHAR szChildClass[] = TEXT ("Checker3_Child") ;
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("Checker3") ;
HWND hwnd ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("Program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = ChildWndProc ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = sizeof (long) ;
wndclass.hIcon = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szChildClass ;
RegisterClass (&wndclass) ;
hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Checker3 Mouse Hit-Test Demo"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static HWND hwndChild[DIVISIONS][DIVISIONS] ;
int cxBlock, cyBlock, x, y ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE :
for (x = 0 ; x < DIVISIONS ; x++)
for (y = 0 ; y < DIVISIONS ; y++)
hwndChild[x][y] = CreateWindow (szChildClass, NULL,
WS_CHILDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE,
0, 0, 0, 0,
hwnd, (HMENU) (y << 8 | x),
(HINSTANCE) GetWindowLong (hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE),
NULL) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_SIZE :
cxBlock = LOWORD (lParam) / DIVISIONS ;
cyBlock = HIWORD (lParam) / DIVISIONS ;
for (x = 0 ; x < DIVISIONS ; x++)
for (y = 0 ; y < DIVISIONS ; y++)
MoveWindow (hwndChild[x][y],
x * cxBlock, y * cyBlock,
cxBlock, cyBlock, TRUE) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN :
MessageBeep (0) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_DESTROY :
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK ChildWndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc ;
PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
RECT rect ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE :
SetWindowLong (hwnd, 0, 0) ; // on/off flag
return 0 ;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN :
SetWindowLong (hwnd, 0, 1 ^ GetWindowLong (hwnd, 0)) ;
InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, FALSE) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_PAINT :
hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect) ;
Rectangle (hdc, 0, 0, rect.right, rect.bottom) ;
if (GetWindowLong (hwnd, 0))
{
MoveToEx (hdc, 0, 0, NULL) ;
LineTo (hdc, rect.right, rect.bottom) ;
MoveToEx (hdc, 0, rect.bottom, NULL) ;
LineTo (hdc, rect.right, 0) ;
}
EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
]]>
<![CDATA[
/*----------------------------------------
BTNLOOK.C -- Button Look Program
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
----------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
struct
{
int iStyle ;
TCHAR * szText ;
}
button[] =
{
BS_PUSHBUTTON, TEXT ("PUSHBUTTON"),
BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON, TEXT ("DEFPUSHBUTTON"),
BS_CHECKBOX, TEXT ("CHECKBOX"),
BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, TEXT ("AUTOCHECKBOX"),
BS_RADIOBUTTON, TEXT ("RADIOBUTTON"),
BS_3STATE, TEXT ("3STATE"),
BS_AUTO3STATE, TEXT ("AUTO3STATE"),
BS_GROUPBOX, TEXT ("GROUPBOX"),
BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, TEXT ("AUTORADIO"),
BS_OWNERDRAW, TEXT ("OWNERDRAW")
} ;
#define NUM (sizeof button / sizeof button[0])
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("BtnLook") ;
HWND hwnd ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Button Look"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static HWND hwndButton[NUM] ;
static RECT rect ;
static TCHAR szTop[] = TEXT ("message wParam lParam"),
szUnd[] = TEXT ("_______ ______ ______"),
szFormat[] = TEXT ("%-16s%04X-%04X %04X-%04X"),
szBuffer[50] ;
static int cxChar, cyChar ;
HDC hdc ;
PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
int i ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE :
cxChar = LOWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ;
cyChar = HIWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ;
for (i = 0 ; i < NUM ; i++)
hwndButton[i] = CreateWindow ( TEXT("button"),
button[i].szText,
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | button[i].iStyle,
cxChar, cyChar * (1 + 2 * i),
20 * cxChar, 7 * cyChar / 4,
hwnd, (HMENU) i,
((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance, NULL) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_SIZE :
rect.left = 24 * cxChar ;
rect.top = 2 * cyChar ;
rect.right = LOWORD (lParam) ;
rect.bottom = HIWORD (lParam) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_PAINT :
InvalidateRect (hwnd, &rect, TRUE) ;
hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT)) ;
SetBkMode (hdc, TRANSPARENT) ;
TextOut (hdc, 24 * cxChar, cyChar, szTop, lstrlen (szTop)) ;
TextOut (hdc, 24 * cxChar, cyChar, szUnd, lstrlen (szUnd)) ;
EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_DRAWITEM :
case WM_COMMAND :
ScrollWindow (hwnd, 0, -cyChar, &rect, &rect) ;
hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ;
SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT)) ;
TextOut (hdc, 24 * cxChar, cyChar * (rect.bottom / cyChar - 1),
szBuffer,
wsprintf (szBuffer, szFormat,
message == WM_DRAWITEM ? TEXT ("WM_DRAWITEM") :
TEXT ("WM_COMMAND"),
HIWORD (wParam), LOWORD (wParam),
HIWORD (lParam), LOWORD (lParam))) ;
ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;
ValidateRect (hwnd, &rect) ;
break ;
case WM_DESTROY :
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
]]>
- 基于面向对象的思想，把windows窗体看做一个对象，MFC里也是这么做的，换一下角度说windows窗体是由对象（的方法）绘制的更合适。这个角度跟linux下的X协议非常类似。
- 怎么看待父子窗口的问题，归根结底按钮等之类也是窗口，也有窗口处理过程，而且线程的消息泵中的消息不都是父窗口的也有子窗口的，只不过子窗口的处理过程函数还会再给父窗口发送消息（使用这种方法，子窗口就编程父窗口高一级的输入设备），所以在CreateWindow要传递父窗口句柄（创建子窗口的时候，程序的主窗口看做顶层窗口）。在java swing则是调用所在容器的add方法，另外swing的事件处理并不想windows那样的子向父发送消息，而是调用子窗口的addActionListener来添加相应的处理函数（观察者模式）。另外MFC进一步封装成找不到创建子窗口。具体参考走出MFC窗口子类化的迷宫
- 注意一下checker3.c中主窗口过程的WM_SIZE和btnlook.c中的WM_SIZE
- 编写窗口程序时，尽量把操作看到类的操作（如添加消息映射时要看做是修改相应的类。在程序中操作窗口界面，看做窗口对应类的方法或者调用窗口对应类的方法）。
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